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sustainedFEB052026_03B52032026-02-05 · appeal · SCOPS Service Center

This is an AAO appeal decision — a case denied once and appealed. It shows how the framework is applied; it is not the filing population.

The Petitioner, a computer scientist and tenure-track assistant professor, proposes to conduct and publish research on efficient, scalable optimization algorithms and optimization theory to improve decision-making, predictions, and control in engineering applications including AI, energy systems, and autonomous vehicles.

Field: computer science / optimization theory / machine learning · Read the decision (uscis.gov)

EB-2 threshold — addressed

SCOPS found and AAO agreed that the Petitioner qualifies as an advanced degree professional based on the foreign equivalent of a Ph.D. in computer and information engineering; not at issue on appeal.

Prong 1 — national importanceestablished

we agree with the Petitioner that the record does not support these statements; instead, the record shows that the proposed endeavor involves the publication, presentation, and dissemination of research in the Petitioner's field.
we conclude that the proposed endeavor has a potential prospective impact that rises to the level of national importance.

AAO decision text

Prong 2 — well positionedestablished

the Petitioner's support letters identify specific examples of how the Petitioner's prior research has impacted the field, demonstrate interest in the Petitioner continuing to pursue his endeavor, and are supported by other evidence in the record such as the Petitioner's publication record, citation history, and peer review service.

AAO decision text

Prong 3 — balance of factorsestablished

we conclude that he offers contributions of such value that, on balance, they would benefit the United States even if other qualified U.S. workers are available.

AAO decision text

How the evidence was treated

  • degree · credited
  • recommendation letter · credited
  • citations publications · credited
  • resume experience · credited
  • other · credited

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Notable

This is a sustained appeal — a relatively rare outcome. SCOPS had denied prongs 1 and 3 while finding prong 2 met. The AAO found SCOPS committed factual errors on prong 1 by mischaracterizing the endeavor as private-company employment and speculating that research results would remain proprietary, when the record showed the Petitioner was a postdoctoral fellow transitioning to a tenure-track professorship engaged in public research dissemination. The AAO explicitly invoked the USCIS Policy Manual's STEM critical-and-emerging-technology strong-positive-factor framework (AI and advanced computing) in sustaining prong 3. No failure codes apply as all prongs were found satisfied.

What this case teaches

Analyst reading of the decision text.

Decisive factor

AAO found SCOPS mischaracterized the endeavor as proprietary private employment; record showed publication/dissemination and specific multi-sector applications establishing national importance.

Transferable lesson

Rebut agency mischaracterization of research as proprietary employment by documenting publication intent and concrete, cross-sector applications of the underlying theory.

Endeavor framing

specific

National-importance theory

critical_emerging_tech · stem_positive_factor · field_advancement · us_competitiveness

Evidence targeting

mixed

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